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Why is the usable capacity of downhole high temperature lithium batteries affected by temperature?

Temperature changes affect the internal resistance of a battery. With increased internal resistance at low temperatures, more energy is lost as heat during the discharge process of the battery rather than being efficiently released for operation, which also makes the usable capacity appear to be reduced.

At low temperatures, the chemicals inside the battery become less active. Just as people become slower to move in winter, the chemicals in the battery react slower, and the rate of ion transport slows, resulting in fewer substances being able to take part in the charging and discharging reactions, and the usable capacity is reduced.

High temperature environments may accelerate the deterioration of the materials inside the battery and the occurrence of side reactions, despite the increased activity of the chemicals. These side reactions can deplete the active materials in the battery and damage the battery structure, which in turn affects the usable capacity of the battery.

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